- Recognize basic types of arguments and logical analysis, logical structure of scientific method and its problems
- Evaluate theoretical models
- Evaluate statistical models
- Explain and evaluate the use of error analysis in models
- Explain the experimental methodology in model evaluation
- Explain the role of values in model construction and evaluation
- Explain how multiscale modelling is used in research
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In this course we will mainly be concerned with the question of how scientific knowledge is produced and justified in the practice of the natural and engineering sciences. To this end, we will study various aspects of scientific reasoning.
First, we will examine basic logical argument forms and thereby identify various types of scientific reasoning, as well as common mistakes (fallacies) of scientific reasoning. We will also study the nature and the varieties of explanations in science. We shall also seek to understand what counts as a successful scientific explanation.
An important part of this course will be devoted to the analysis of modelling practice in science. In particular, we will scrutinize various types of models scientists construct to account for natural phenomena. We will also examine different criteria by which scientific models are evaluated. Furthermore, we will examine different strategies and values that underlie the construction and evaluation of scientific models.
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