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After successfully completing this module, the student is able:
- To explain the functions of the structural parts of an aircraft and use this knowledge in the concept design
- To analyze and explain the loads on an aircraft and apply this during the concept design
- To explain the causes/reasons of instabilities such as buckling, flutter, stall and fatigue and take this into account in the design phase
- To understand the significance of non-dimensional numbers for scaling aerodynamic experiments
- To compute the aerodynamic forces on profiles and apply this to the concept design
- To analyze the aerodynamics of an aircraft on a global level and apply this to the concept design
- To explain the main differences between propeller and jet engines and take this into account in the concept design.
- To analyze the performance of an aircraft on a global level and apply this to the concept design
- To compute the stability characteristics of an aircraft and apply this to the concept design
- To collaborate and operate in a design team
- To make a concept design of an aircraft
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The module consists of three lecture series being Introduction to Aircraft Technology, Aircraft Structures and Aerodynamics. The content of these lecture series will be applied in an assignment in which a Concept Design of an Aircraft has to be made.
In Introduction to Aircraft Technology a brief account of the history of aviation, the evolution of aircraft configurations, the principles of flight and the standard atmosphere is given. Subsequently the aerodynamics of aircraft wings (lift, drag, pitching moment, stall, critical Mach number, drag-divergence Mach number) is explained, with some emphasis on transonic transport aircraft.
In Aircraft Structures an overview of the structural parts, their designation and their function in the structure are presented. Subjects that determine the requirements in the design process that are treated in the course are the aerodynamic and structural (dynamic) loads, buckling, fatigue and flutter. The first airplanes were made of steel, wood and linen. Later aluminum became the most important material. Nowadays two new materials have become favorable namely composites and metal fiber laminates (Glare). Special attention will be paid to both new materials and Glare will be used to show what effort it takes before a new material is accepted in the aircraft industry.
In Aerodynamics the fundamentals of aircraft aerodynamics are treated with emphasis on the relation between the shape of aircraft configurations and its components as wings and fuselage, and the aerodynamic characteristics (lift, (friction, pressure, lift-induced, wave) drag, pitching moment) of these configurations flying at subsonic, transonic or supersonic speed.
During the Kickoff of the presentation of the group assignment for the Conceptual Design of an Aircraft, an overview will be given of the steps that are carried out in the Conceptual Design Phase which results in a global design of a new aircraft. Further groups are formed and the (challenging) requirements for the aircraft will be presented and explained. In week 9 the reports have to be handed in and the project is finished with oral presentations in week 10. Due to the large amount of work and the relative short time the project group members have to distribute the workload and denominate specialists
Assessment
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| 1 |
Introduction to Aircraft Technology |
if all assignments have been graded as sufficient,1 written exam with an extended oral exam, if needed. Participation in the extended oral exam is only allowed if a mark of 4.0 or higher is obtained for the written exam. Resit is a full oral exam.
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| 2 |
Aircraft Structures |
if all assignments have been graded as sufficient,1 written exam with an extended oral exam, if needed. Participation in the extended oral exam is only allowed if a mark of 4.0 or higher is obtained for the written exam. Resit is a full oral exam. |
| 3 |
Aerodynamics |
if all assignments have been graded as sufficient, 1 written exam with an extended oral or written exam, if needed. Participation in the extended oral/written exam is only allowed if a mark of 4.0 or higher is obtained for the written exam. Resit is either a full oral exam or a written exam. |
| 4 |
Concept Design of Aircraft |
Project presentation if project report has been graded as sufficient. |
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| Student must be familiar with the basics of mechanics (statics and strength of materials) and the basics of fluid mechanics and mastering the basic physics and math necessary for starting a BSc engineering program. Knowledge on Calculus 1A, 1B, 2 and vector calculus (previously known as Math B1, B2, D1 and D2) is a prerequisite. For the theory see the book of Thomas 'Calculus, Early Transcendentals'. Especially chapters 13-16 are important. |
| Bachelor Mechanical Engineering |
| Bachelor Industrial Engineering and Management |
| | Required materials| Handouts | Book| John D. Anderson, Jr.: Introduction to Flight, 8th edition, ISBN 978-981-4636-18-6 |
| Book| Fundamentals of Aerodynamics 6th ed, John D. Anderson, Jr.
ISBN: 978-1-259-25134-4 |
| Book| T.H.G. Megson: Aircraft Structures for Engineering Students, 6th Edition, ISBN: 9780081009147 |
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Recommended materials-Instructional modesAssessment| Presence duty | | Yes |
| Lecture
| Presentation(s)| Presence duty | | Yes |
| Project supervised| Presence duty | | Yes |
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TestsIntroduction to Aircraft Technology
| Aircraft Structures
| Aerodynamics
| Concept Design of Aircraft
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